Interpersonal Relationships Research Articles

Thinking transtheoretically about alliance and rupture: Implications for practice and training

Repairing alliance ruptures has the potential to serve as a powerful mechanism of change in psychotherapy. In this article, a transtheoretical individual-specific framework for repairing alliance ruptures is proposed. According to the proposed framework, at the intake session, the therapist evaluates the trait-like tendencies of individual patients to face ruptures in interpersonal relationships. We propose a typology based on which patients are assigned to one of the following therapeutic strategies: (a) a treatment where alliance rupture and repair is the main mechanism of change (Type A), (b) an added module that augments another treatment, focusing on rupture and repair (Type B), or (c) treatment where no rupture resolution work is carried out (Type C). The proposed framework is based on cumulative clinical knowledge, and its validity and utility need to be assessed in future research.

Competências gerais, específicas e dificuldades para a atuação dos farmacêuticos como preceptores: revisão integrativa

The present study aimed aimed at describing and analyzing the general and specific skills and difficulties for pharmacists to act as preceptors. To this end, a literature review was carried out in the electronic databases PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and Scopus, for articles published on general and specific competencies of pharmaceutical preceptors. The initial search identified 355 articles and 14 using articles published met the inclusion criteria. The main general competencies were found to be: communication skills, knowledge, problem solving, development of critical thinking and professionalism; as specific: feedback, interpersonal relationships, activities based on student needs, planning, shared expectations and leadership; and the main difficulties were seen as: need for greater qualification of preceptors and lack of time to carry out preceptorship activities. Knowledge of these skills and difficulties can contribute to a better workforce in academic and experiential pharmacy education.

Health and health care are essential to the quality of life of people with intellectual disability

AbstractHealth represents the dynamic balance of physical, mental, social, and existential well‐being in adapting to conditions of life and the environment. Health is essential for the quality of life (QoL) of all individuals, including those with intellectual disability (ID). People with ID experience health inequities and barriers to quality health care that must be addressed to foster the QoL of this population. This paper illustrates how poor health negatively impacts each of the eight domains of the QoL model proposed by Shalock and Verdugo (2002) (e.g., health conditions limit work performance, decreasing opportunities for personal development and self‐determination). Suggestions for healthcare practices and behaviors that would improve the quality of healthcare provided to people with ID, and thus their health and QoL, are offered (e.g., engaging people with ID in the medical conversation, talking to them in plain language and without jargon enhances the personal development, self‐determination, interpersonal relationships, and social inclusion domains of QoL). Finally, we suggest actions that people with ID and their families might implement to maximize their health and wellness (e.g., maintaining a healthy lifestyle, and using the health promotion resources provided by disability organizations).

The Ethical Challenges of Umbilical Cord Blood Stem Cell Banking: A Qualitative Study

Background: Umbilical cord blood serves as a potent source of hematopoietic stem cells, utilized in treating specific diseases and preserved in blood banks. Objectives: This study aims to explore the ethical issues associated with these repositories. Methods: This qualitative research involved conducting 14 interviews with experts and the families of recipients or donors of umbilical cord blood. Participants were selected purposefully from May to November 2021. Results: The investigation identified five principal ethical challenges: presentation of information, interpersonal relationships among involved parties, respect for human dignity, adherence to rules and regulations, and the handling of tissue samples. These challenges encompassed various categories and subcategories, including informed consent, communication and advertising of information, financial considerations, conflicts of interest, professional interactions, ownership rights concerning the child and parents, privacy and confidentiality issues, compliance with regulations and guidelines, and the clinical and research uses of the tissue samples. Conclusions: The study unveiled significant ethical concerns in the domain of umbilical cord blood stem cell banking. Addressing these ethical dilemmas necessitates the involvement of health policymakers and medical ethics experts, along with a comprehensive understanding of these banks' multifaceted nature by the community.

Selfie posting behavior, self-objectification and body image dissatisfaction among women

The purpose of this study is to explore excessive selfie uploading behavior on social media sites among young women and its negative effects on women concepts related to their self and body image. Researches reveals that excessive selfie posting behavior among young women enhances self-objectification behavior. They spend a lot of their time and energy in taking and posting selfies, in editing their selfies just because of the factor to look beautiful and to get more likes and comments under their posts, and to meet the thin ideal beauty standards of social media, they are continually trying to present their self’s in manners that are perfect in every expect. On the other side these activities are disturbing their academic performances and their mental health as well. These activities also affect their interpersonal relationships with their families. A purposive sample of 450 women was taken from different areas of Sialkot, Pakistan from which 200 were screen out who fall on borderline according to the scoring criteria of selfitis behavior scale. A self- developed demographic sheet was administered along with Selfitis behavior scale (Balakrishnan & Griffiths, 2017), Objectified Body Consciousness Scale (McKinley & Hyde, 1996) and Body shape questionnaire (Evans & Dolan, 1993) was used. For data analysis, Inferential statistics, Pearson product moment correlational was used to assess the relationship and Multiple regression and T-test was used to compare different variables through SPSS (V-22). Results showed significant positive relationship of overall SBS score with self-objectification and body image dissatisfaction (p<.000, p<.000). moreover, the results of Pearson product moment correlational also shows significant correlation with overall SBS scores with self-objectification and body image dissatisfaction (r<.423**, r<.616**).  Findings of this study provide awareness about how social networking sites are promoting selfie posting behavior among women of Sialkot, Pakistan. 

“Beyond the Window That Can Never Be Opened”—Roger Scruton on “Moments of Revelation” in Human Life

This study addresses Roger Scruton’s understanding of what he called “moments of revelation”. In two short essays, both entitled “Effing the ineffable”, Scruton framed his discussion of moments of revelation with reference to the medieval Christian mystical discourse. Introducing the medieval discussion of this topic, this study provides an analysis of Scruton’s approach to the theme. In tune with the traditional discourse on revelation, his general aim was to demonstrate that there are ways of revealing important truths about the supernatural, of the world “beyond the window”, that do not require words to be pronounced. He calls our experiences of such phenomena moments of revelation and identifies four different transitory sources of revelation. This study deals with them one by one, after considering whether it is right to label such a revelation transcendental. The four sources of Scruton’s moments of revelation are natural beauty, the beauty of painting, the beauty of music, and personal encounters. The first three examples are connected to his thoughts on art and beauty as a substitute of divine revelation. Perhaps the most surprising of these is the last ones, moments of intersubjective human relationships, “our knowledge of each other”. Relying on both Buber and Levinas, Scruton makes the strong claim that it is in the other that we can experience that world “beyond the window”. His phenomenological exploration of human encounters sheds light on concepts like grace, shekhinah, or real presence and gift. He explains the Christian understanding of the human–divine relationship as well along the lines of the nature of interpersonal human relationship, both of them being in a certain sense, he claims, transcendental. From grace, his account moves forward to self-sacrifice and finally arrives at his idiosyncratic understanding of gratefulness for life. His moments of revelation in art and interpersonal exchange turn out to be, indeed, late and secular versions of the Christian understanding of revelation. In its summary, this study claims that revelation, understood by Scruton as a form of general human experience, allows to catch a glimpse of that which is beyond the window, by the direct, sensually based experience of either the existence of another person or of the beauty of nature and art.

The Cultural Construction of the Domestic Space in France: Women’s Lived Experience and the Materialization of Customs

This article explores the intersecting processes of construction of the home, social, and individual identities through domestic practices inside French housing. It examines the design and occupation of French homes as crucial moments for the consolidation of subjectivities, beliefs, and ideologies manifested through daily actions that are influenced by normative cultural systems. In specific, it looks at codified domestic behaviours and their aesthetic dimension, focusing on how the French “art of living” has influenced taste, design, appropriation, and decoration of domestic interiors. Architectural treatises along with etiquette manuals are analysed as they both represent—through the written word and architectural drawings—cultural and gender stereotypes as well as societal norms and expectations that inform housing design and domestic practices. These documents directly assist in the cultural construction of the domestic space, uncovering mechanisms of reproduction and representation that inform the use and design of residential architecture. By focusing on women’s lived experiences, this research looks at the consolidation of feminine domestic cultures and how they fostered small-scale physical transformations of dwellings’ interiors through daily negotiations that define self-identity and interpersonal power relations. These dynamics are referred to as “cultural domesticity.” The latter frames this study along with feminist literature, situating women’s contribution to the aesthetic and spatial development of French apartments. What emerges from this study is that the French state historically exercised a regulatory power that impacted daily life and housing design.

Assessing Temperament Risk Factors in Late Childhood and Early Adolescence: Development and Validation of the Integrative Late Childhood Temperament Inventory.

Childhood temperament has a well-documented influence on later life outcomes, notably behavior problems, quality of interpersonal relationships, and academic achievement. However, there is at present a lack of brief measures that assess temperament characteristics which are represented across models of temperament in the late childhood and early adolescence period. To redress this gap, the aim of the current study was to develop and validate a short questionnaire that extends an earlier integrative measure of temperament, the Integrative Child Temperament Inventory (ICTI) to the late childhood period. The new measure (named Integrative Late Childhood Temperament Inventory, ILCTI) includes all five components of the ICTI (frustration, behavioral inhibition, attention/persistence, activity level, sensory sensitivity), plus affiliation. German- or English-speaking parents rated a total of 525 children, aged 8 to 14years. Confirmatory factor analyses supported the predicted structure of the new measure. Examination of fit indices and psychometric analyses showed that 24 items are sufficient to capture all six dimensions reliably. Next to convergent validity with established measures of temperament and personality, we also present analyses of associations with measures of externalizing problems, internalizing problems, and school failure all of which support the instrument's clinical utility. Thus, despite its brevity, the ILCTI is a reliable and valid measure of late childhood temperament that can be helpful in assessing risk of developing behavior problems or school failure.

A Discrete Dynamic Conflict Model

Relevance. Conflicts play a significant role in the development of society, the state and all of humanity. They arise in interpersonal relationships, economics, organizational activities, social problems, and world politics. The study of the essence of conflicts, the causes of their emergence and ways to resolve them is carried out by conflictology, which was formed as an interdisciplinary field of knowledge in the middle of the 20th century. Currently, it has become obvious that the conflict itself is not a negative phenomenon, but a competently resolved conflict situation can benefit all parties to the conflict. As a result, it became necessary to consider conflicts not only from a descriptive, philosophical point of view, but also to be able to predict a possible conflict situation, describe its development over time and calculate acceptable ways out of it. This approach to the study of conflicts is mathematical modeling, based on mathematical methods for describing conflict situations, which allow analyzing conflicts and predicting their outcome.The purpose is to describe a general methodology for constructing a conflict scheme of any origin within the framework of the mathematical theory of conflicts. The objectives is to consider and analyze a discrete dynamic model of conflicts using the example of a childparent conflict.Methodology. The work uses algebraic methods and methods of discrete mathematics.Results. Within the framework of the mathematical theory of conflicts, a conflict with a discrete mismatch is considered the example of a child-parent model conflict. A general method for constructing a conflict situation diagram and analyzing it has been developed. Possible ways of influencing the conflicting parties on each other in any conflict situation are discussed. When analyzing possible scenarios for the development of a conflict situation, the possible types of impacts of the conflicting parties on each other are considered.Conclusions. Based on the developed dynamic discrete model, it is shown that the mathematical description of conflicts is reduced to the problem of combinatorial optimization. The developed scheme of mathematical description of conflicts can be applied to a wide class of conflict situations in various subject areas.

Between hospitality and the inhospitable: Critical judgments on the professional-beneficiary relationship within assisted reproductive technology

ABSTRACT In recent decades, the health sector has witnessed the emergence of social movements of patients aimed at redefining public policies on access to and provision of medical care. These changes are reflected in the conceptual models of patient-centred care, developed to guide medical practice towards patients’ expectations and wishes. However, different patient-centred models remain eminently focused on the dimension of solicitude when attending to patients’ specific needs: interpersonal relations based on the caregiver’s attention to the patient’s singularity. Namely, patients can express other moral references concerning their experiences in clinical contexts. That is the case with hospitality. Based on a Portuguese research project focused on the clinical experience of ART beneficiaries, this article aims to analyse hospitality as a moral orientation with specific proprieties associated with attending to patients’ singularity, thus aiming to contribute to the ongoing discussion and revision of the conceptual models of patient-centred care.

Prevalence and Correlates of Substance Use Among Youth Living with HIV in Fishing Communities in Uganda.

Alcohol and drug use (ADU) poses a significant barrier to optimal HIV treatment outcomes for adolescents and youths living with HIV (AYLHIV). We aimed to investigate the prevalence and correlates of ADU among ALHIV in Ugandan fishing communities, areas characterized by high HIV and poverty rates. AYLHIV aged 18-24, who knew they were HIV-positive, were selected from six HIV clinics. Substance use was determined through self-report in the last 12 months and urine tests for illicit substances. Utilizing a socioecological framework, the study structured variables into a hierarchical logistic regression analysis to understand the multi-layered factors influencing ADU. Self-reported past 12 months substance use was 42%, and 18.5% of participants had a positive urine test for one or more substances, with alcohol, benzodiazepines, and marijuana being the most commonly used. With the addition of individual-level socio-demographics, indicators of mental health functioning, interpersonal relationships, and community factors, the logistic regression analysis revealed greater exposure to adverse childhood experiences increased the odds of substance use (Odds Ratio [OR] = 1.24; 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 1.03-1.55). Additionally, exposure to alcohol advertisements at community events significantly raised the odds of substance use (OR = 3.55; 95% CI: 1.43-8.83). The results underscore the high prevalence among AYLHIV and emphasize the need for comprehensive interventions targeting individual (e.g., life skills education and mental health supports), interpersonal (e.g., peer support and family-based interventions), community (e.g., community engagement programs, restricted alcohol advertisements and illicit drug access), and policies (e.g., integrated care models and a national drug use strategy), to address ADU.

Religious Moderation: An Analysis of Understanding, Internet and Social Media Exposure and Social Interaction Systems

<p><strong>Introduction:</strong> Religious moderation is launched because it concerns the order of life of the nation and state, where the internet and social media become a platform for any dynamic public discussion and change perspectives and practices in religious harmony. This study examines access to information about religious moderation through the internet and social media (WhatsApp, Instagram, Facebook, Twitter, Line) as the most widely used platforms in Indonesia and the influence of exposure to its content on understanding and the system of relational interaction among university students.</p><p><strong>Methods:</strong> Explanatory quantitative survey method with factor and regression analysis to explain the dominant factors and the magnitude of the influence of exposure to religious moderation content on students' understanding and interpersonal relationships.</p><p><strong>Findings:</strong> That student quite often access information about religious moderation on social media through WhatsApp and Instagram. Issues related to national commitment, tolerance, intolerance, violence, radicalism, government attitudes, regulations and their consequences, correlate with the dogmatism factor. The findings show that it is not easy to change one's religious beliefs, and this should be respected. So what remains is to find common ground and give a positive impression so that social interactions continue to run normally.</p><p class="normal"><strong>Originality:</strong> The research presents a novelty in the perspective of communication science on the understanding of religious moderation and its correlation with the interpersonal interaction system in students from non-religious campuses. Where previously religious moderation was widely studied in the perspective of language, civilization, humanity, culture, education and with subjects from religious campuses, especially Islam.</p>

Sex and gender differences in social participation among community-dwelling older adults: a systematic review

BackgroundFrequent social participation among older adults is associated with greater health. Although understanding how sex and gender influence social participation is important, particularly in developing sex-inclusive health promotion and preventive interventions, little is known about factors influencing engagement of older women and men in social activities.AimThis study thus aimed to examine factors influencing social activities of older women and men.MethodsA mixed-method systematic review was conducted in nine electronic databases from inception to March 2023. The studies had to define social participation as activities with others and examine its influencing factors among community-dwelling older women and men. Data were analyzed using convergent synthesis design from a socio-ecological perspective.ResultsForty-nine studies, comprising 42 quantitative, five qualitative and two mixed method design were included. Themes identified concerned: (a) sociodemographic factors, (b) personal assets, (c) interpersonal relationships and commitments, (d) physical environment, and (e) societal norms and gender expectations. The findings identified the heterogeneous needs, preferences and inequalities faced by older women and men, considerations on sociocultural expectations and norms of each gender when engaging in social activities, and the importance of having adequate and accessible social spaces. Overall, this review identified more evidence on factors influencing social participation among women than in men.ConclusionSpecial attention is needed among community care providers and healthcare professionals to co-design, implement or prescribe a combination of sex and gender-specific and neutral activities that interest both older women and men. Intersectoral collaborative actions, including public health advocates, gerontologists, policymakers, and land use planners, are needed to unify efforts to foster social inclusion by creating an age-friendly and sustainable healthy environment. More longitudinal studies are required to better understand social participation trajectories from a sex and gender perspective and identify factors influencing it.Systematic reviews registrationhttp://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO, identifier [CRD42023392764].

Cognitive Reappraisal and Expressive Suppression among Queer Youth and Its Implications on Interpersonal Relationships

Queer people go through a lot emotionally in today's society because the term "LGBT" has a stigma, which can have a big impact on their social well-being. Aim: The present study aims to find out emotion regulation among queer young adults and its implications on their social interactions. There was little research on LGBTQ young people that included these two study factors. The major goal of this study is to learn how queer young adults manage their emotions daily and how each strategy influences their social interactions as a whole. Method: A total of 131 participants from the age group 18 to 25 years have responded, which was drawn using the snowball sampling method from various parts of India. Two already developed and tested questionnaires on emotion regulation and social relationships were used in the study. Results: It was found that cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression had a significant impact on how queer young adults interacted with one another in social situations. Expressive Suppression had a very low negative influence on social interactions whereas Cognitive Reappraisal had a very low positive impact.

Unraveling formal and informal business ties in shaping foreign subsidiary capabilities

Purpose Drawing upon the resource-based view this study aims to examine the connections between formal and informal business relationships and resource-bridging and adaptive capabilities within the context of foreign subsidiaries of multinational enterprises (MNEs) operating in Thailand. Based on prior literature emphasizing business network ties as sources of competitive advantage in emerging markets, this study extends the discourse by investigating the moderating effects of technological turbulence, power distance and assertiveness. Design/methodology/approach This study uses a quantitative research approach, using data obtained from a self-administered survey conducted among 168 foreign subsidiaries spanning diverse industries in Thailand. The data were analyzed by using multiple-group structural equation modeling to test the hypothesized relationships. Findings Cultivating different types of business ties enables foreign subsidiaries to improve different types of capabilities. While interpersonal relationships (i.e. informal businessties) enable them to develop their abilities to combine various resources (i.e. resource-bridging capability), rigid contractual-based relationships (i.e. formal businessties) help them to be more adaptive (i.e. adaptive capability). These relationships are also contingent upon the levels of technological turbulence, host-country power distance and host-country assertiveness. Originality/value This research builds upon prior research on network ties and capability building by delineating the specific nature of capabilities. Contradicting to the previous findings, demonstrating a negative relationship between formal business ties and capabilities, this study found that each type of business tie enables foreign subsidiaries to enhance different types of capabilities under different circumstances. Moreover, this study adopts a lens of host-country national culture rather than home-country culture in investigating the moderating effects of power distance and assertiveness.

Network Structure and Clustering Analysis Relating to Individual Symptoms of Problematic Internet Use in a Community Adolescent Population.

Problematic internet use (PIU) is a psychopathology that includes multiple symptoms and psychological constructs. Because no studies have considered both network structures and clusters among individual symptoms in the context of PIU in a Korean adolescent population, this study aimed to investigate network structures and clustering in relation to PIU symptoms in adolescents. Overall, 73,238 adolescents were included. PIU severity was assessed using a self-rating scale comprising 20 items and 6 subscales, namely, the Internet Addiction Proneness Scale for Youth-Short Form; KS scale. Network structures and clusters among symptoms were analyzed using a Gaussian graphical model and exploratory graph analysis, respectively. Centrality of strength, closeness, and betweenness scores was also calculated. Our study identified four clusters: disturbance in adaptive functioning, virtual interpersonal relationships, withdrawal, and tolerance. The symptom of confidence served as a node bridging the cluster of virtual interpersonal relationships and other clusters of withdrawal and disturbances of adaptive function. The symptom of craving served as a bridge between the clusters of withdrawal and tolerance with high betweenness centrality. This study identified network structures and clustering among PIU symptoms in adolescents and revealed that positive experiences derived from online interpersonal relationships were an important mechanism underlying PIU. These are novel insights concerning the interconnection among multiple symptoms and related clustering for the mechanism of adolescent PIU in terms of KS-scale PIU assessment.

The Impact of Interpersonal Interaction on Purchase Intention in Livestreaming E-Commerce: A Moderated Mediation Model

Over the last few years, livestreaming e-commerce has shown rapid growth and has become an important form of e-commerce. However, the potential mechanisms of interpersonal interaction’s influence on purchase intention in livestreaming e-commerce have yet to be fully investigated. Based on the SOR (Stimulus-Organism-Response) framework, this study reveals the association between interpersonal interaction (consumer–anchor interaction and consumer–consumer interaction), psychological distance, consumer purchase intention, and the positive role of brand identification and time pressure in this context of influential relationships. The results of analyzing 603 questionnaires show that psychological distance between consumers and products plays a mediating role in the effect of interpersonal interaction on purchase intention. Meanwhile, this study found that consumers’ brand identification with the products in the live room was effective in enhancing the direct effect of interpersonal interaction in the model. Additionally, the time pressure associated with limited-time sales was also found to be effective in enhancing the effects of interpersonal interaction and psychological distance on purchase intention. The results of this study reveal the potential influence mechanisms of interpersonal interactions with various identities in livestreaming e-commerce, providing theoretical guidance and practical insights for practitioners in the field.

Positive effects of speech and language therapy group interventions in primary progressive aphasia: A systematic review.

Primary progressive aphasia (PPA) is a neurodegenerative condition characterised by a prominent and progressive deterioration in language abilities, which significantly impacts quality of life and interpersonal relationships. Speech and language therapy plays a crucial role in offering interventions. Group intervention is one mode of delivery that could benefit communication functioning and overall wellbeing of people with PPA (pwPPA) and their care partners. Group interventions are also more efficient than one-to-one intervention and may facilitate peer support. The aim of this review was to systematically evaluate the current evidence for the effectiveness of speech and language therapy groups for pwPPA and their care partners. Specifically, this paper considered three questions: 1.What evidence-based speech and language therapy groups for pwPPA and their care partners have been reported to date? 2.Are group communication interventions effective in improving quality of life and communication function for pwPPA and their care partners? 3.Are group communication interventions that are designed for people with communication difficulties of other aetiologies (such as stroke) effective for pwPPA? In addition, this review aimed to describe the structure and content of groups, including aims, disciplines involved, size and frequency of group meetings, and outcome measures. MEDLINE, CINAHL and PsycINFO were used to retrieve articles of interest. A total of 10 studies published between 2009 and 2022 met the eligibility criteria and therefore were included in this study. Data were extracted from the articles regarding the structure and content of groups. Although evidence is currently limited, results suggest that speech and language therapy group intervention can improve specific linguistic processes, the use of communication strategies and psychosocial well-being. The importance of multidisciplinary input and care partners' involvement in groups was highlighted, along with the benefits of creative non-verbal activities as tools for self-expression. There is also initial evidence that telehealth group provision and one-off group sessions may be feasible and can benefit psychosocial well-being. Lastly, intentional recruitment and explicit education on different aphasia types are described as important when pwPPA participate in groups with mixed diagnoses. The literature on speech and language therapy group interventions for PPA shows promise of positive effects on communication function and psychosocial well-being of both pwPPA and their care partners. Speech and language therapists can consider these published interventions when designing and implementing similar groups, but more robust evidence is required to confirm the relative effectiveness of this approach. What is already known on this subject Speech pathology led group intervention shows some promise in benefitting communication functioning and overall well-being of pwPPA and their carers, but there has been no systematic evaluation of all the evidence regarding the efficacy of speech and language therapy led groups. Establishing feasibility, acceptability and efficacy of speech and language therapy group interventions for pwPPA and their carers may present a valuable addition for managing this progressive language disability. What this paper adds to existing knowledge Although evidence is currently limited, results from this systematic review suggest that speech and language therapy led group intervention can improve specific linguistic processes, the use of communication strategies and psychosocial well-being for pwPPA and their carers. The importance of multidisciplinary input and carers' involvement in groups was highlighted, along with the benefits of creative non-verbal activities as tools for self-expression. There is also initial evidence that telehealth group provision for carers may be feasible and can benefit psychosocial wellbeing. Lastly, intentional recruitment and explicit education on different aphasia types are described as important when pwPPA participate in groups with mixed diagnoses. What are the potential or actual clinical implications of this work? A synthesis of the evidence base for speech and language therapy led PPA groups, as well as a description of the group components and formats, will be valuable for clinical service planning, and will guide future examination of group options for pwPPA and their carers. Speech and language therapists can also consider the research findings from this systematic review when designing and implementing similar groups in their local context.

E-leadership in nursing – a systematic review

Nurses and nurse leaders play a key role in healthcare digitalisation. While the volume of nursing leadership research has increased dramatically, empirical research on e-leadership in nursing remains limited. We believe this is the first systematic review of e-leadership among nurse leaders. Our purpose is to synthesise and describe existing research knowledge on e-leadership in nursing and to identify gaps in research knowledge. We conducted a systematic literature review guided by the framework suggested by Holly et al. (2017). We searched the CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, Business Source Premier and Medic databases. The search yielded 1,968 records. We excluded 656 duplicates and 1,125 records by reference to the title and read 187 abstracts. We read 51 full texts, resulting in 12 records; we screened the reference lists of each of those and detected one more relevant record. The review includes 13 studies. Qualitative content analysis was utilised to analyse the data, leading to three main themes being identified: i) interpersonal relationships, ii) e-leadership and coping and iii) readiness for e-leadership and remote work. The main themes incorporated 12 sub-themes. The paper concludes by presenting several practical implications for nurse leaders and their organisations. The findings indicate a readiness for e-leadership among nurse leaders and for remote work among employees. There are several advantages but also many disadvantages regarding e-leadership in nursing. Nurse leaders need sufficient training in e-leadership as digitalisation is progressing in healthcare.

Impact of training on knowledge, confidence and attitude amongst community health volunteers in the provision of community-based palliative care in rural Kenya

ObjectivesExisting literature suggests multiple potential roles for community health volunteers (CHVs) in the provision of palliative care (PC) in low- and middle-income countries. In Kenya the role of CHV in the provision of PC has not been reported. The objective of this study was to assess knowledge, confidence, attitude, and clinical practice of community health volunteers after attending a novel palliative care (PC) training program.MethodsA total of 105 CHVs participated in a 3-day in person training followed by a 1-month in person and telephone observation period of the palliative care activities in the community. Structured questionnaires were used pre- and post-training to assess knowledge acquisition, impact on practice, and content delivery. A mixed method study design was conducted 12-month post training to assess impact on clinical practice.ResultsImmediately after training, CHV provided positive ratings on relevance and content delivery. In the month following training, CHVs evaluated 1,443 patients, referred 154, and conducted 110 and 129 tele consults with the patients and PC providers respectively. The follow up survey at 12 months revealed improved knowledge and confidence in various domains of palliative care including symptom and spiritual assessment and provision of basic nursing and bereavement care. Focus group discussions revealed the CHVs ability to interpret symptoms, make referrals, improved communication/ interpersonal relationships, spiritual intervention, patient comfort measures and health care practices as newly learned and practiced skills.ConclusionsWe noted improved knowledge, new skills and change in practice after CHVs participation in a novel training curriculum. CHVs can make important contributions to the PC work force and be first line PC providers in the community as part of larger hub and spoke care model.